Hard hats are rated by ANSI Z89.1 type and class. Type I protects the top of the head; Type II protects top and sides. Class G (general) is rated to 2,200 V, Class E (electrical) to 20,000 V, and Class C is conductive with no electrical protection. Welding with a hard hat means either a hard hat adapter for the welding helmet or a dedicated hard hat welding helmet.
Welding caps and beanies are worn under a helmet to protect the scalp from spatter and UV, and to absorb sweat. They must be made of flame-resistant or natural fibre — synthetic caps melt. Bump caps protect against knocks in low-clearance work but are not a substitute for a hard hat.
Foot protection for welding means safety boots with metatarsal guards where heavy material is handled, and slip-resistant soles where floors are oily or wet. Spatter burns through synthetic uppers; leather is the practical choice. Shoe covers and spats protect laces and ankles from spatter in overhead work.
